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Creative DIY STEM projects like making a sorting machine help students understand steps of the engineering design process. Plus, hands-on science activities like this are lots of fun in the classroom and give kids a practical challenge to solve.

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Have you ever used a machine that you put a handful of coins into, and the coins fall into collectors based on the type of coin? This kind of machine is fun to use and makes it easy to sort your money. The machine doesn't really know the difference in types of money. What the machine is designed to do is sort objects based on size.

Sorting machines are used to automate tasks that are time-consuming to do by hand (or might even be impossible). Examples of sorting machines can be found in a wide range of jobs and real-world processes. Different sorting machines tackle different kinds of sorting tasks, but what they share is a focus on sorting based on a 'property' of the materials they sort. In the case of a coin sorting machine, the machine sorts based on size. If the machine is well-designed, a quarter can't fall into the slot for dimes; similarly, if the machine is designed properly, a dime won't end up in the quarters area. (What might be wrong with the design if this happened?)

Building a simple sorting machine from ordinary craft materials is a great way for kids to explore engineering principles and to experiment with iterative design. Engineers often prototype a solution and find, once they test it, that they need to go back and make changes and then test again. Sometimes these steps are repeated multiple times in the process of creating something that works the way the engineer wants it to work and solves the specific challenge or need. Dreaming of slot machines. Students can explore these steps of the engineering design process by making their own marble sorting machines out of plastic cups and wooden sticks.

A Fun Engineering Challenge

In the Gravity-Powered Sorting Machine family- and classroom-friendly engineering activity, students are guided in designing their own gravity-powered sorting machine to sort plastic beads (or marbles) of different sizes into separate cups. The machine will use size as the limiting property, but what other variables will be important?

If you go back to the coin sorter example, there is a risk that smaller coins will slide right on past their collection points. With the marble sorting machine, the same problem may arise. You don't want small marbles to end up in the cup for big marbles. What factors (or variables) might cause the beads to slide past their drop spot and into the wrong cup? How can you alter the design of the machine to help prevent this problem? What does gravity have to do with the design of the machine in this activity?

Can you design a working marble sorting machine? How many different sizes can your machine handle?

Put it to the test and build your own sorting machine!

Making Connections

Students interested in this STEM activity may also enjoy these engineering projects and activities at Science Buddies:

Engineers Week and the 2017 Fluor Challenge

Engineers Week (E-Week) is February 19-25, 2017. Perfect for E-Week classroom science, the 2017 Fluor Engineering Challenge opens February 19. This year's challenge involves the design of a water flow inspired by ancient Banaue Rice Terraces.

We encourage you to have your students take this year's Fluor Engineering Challenge! Valid student submissions will be entered in a random drawing for a chance to win money for your school or nonprofit organization. Learn more about this year's water flow challenge and find complete rules, limitations, and guidelines on the Fluor Challenge page. Learn more about E-Week.

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STEM in the Classroom

Engineering activities like the sorting machine project can be very effective as in-class projects for small groups. Teachers looking for similar classroom activities may want to check out the Balloon Car guided classroom activity. Additional classroom activities and Lesson Plans are available in the Teacher Resources area. To learn more about Lesson Plans, see Lesson Plans Help Teachers Put Hands-on Science on the Calendar.

The Gravity-Powered Sorting Machine activity from Science Buddies is posted at Scientific American in the Bring Science Home section.

Note: a version of this activity was the 2016 Fluor Engineering Challenge at Science Buddies. To find out more about the 2017 Fluor Engineering Challenge, visit www.sciencebuddies.org/fluor-challenge

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